GPDR
Privatumo politika
projektai-lsd Lietuvos akreditacijos ir standartizacijos agentūra
Standartų projektų portalas

Išplėstinė paieška

iki

Rezultatai

Rodoma:
Viso rasta įrašų: 222
arrow-prev 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 arrow-next
prEN IEC 60335-2-6:2025/prAA:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-28
Buitiniai ir panašios paskirties elektriniai prietaisai. Sauga. 2-6 dalis. Ypatingieji reikalavimai, keliami stacionariosioms viryklėms, kaitlentėms, orkaitėms ir panašiems prietaisams

This European standard deals with the safety of stationary electric cooking appliances, such as cooking ranges, hobs, and ovens, for household use, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances connected between one phase and neutral, and 480 V for other appliances including direct current (DC) supplied appliances and battery-operated appliances

EN 60038:2011/prA2:2025 (Fragment 1) Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-11
Žemosios įtampos nuolatinės srovės tiekimo ir žemosios įtampos nuolatinės srovės įrangos standartinės įtampos (siūlomas horizontalusis standartas)
prEN 717-1 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-17
Medienos skydai. Formaldehido išsiskyrimo nustatymas. 1 dalis. Formaldehido išsiskyrimo nustatymas kameros metodu

This document specifies a chamber method with three options of test chambers for the determination of the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels in terms of the steady-state concentration in a climate chamber under defined conditions, which relate to typical conditions in real-life. This chamber method can also be applied to the estimation of formaldehyde concentrations under various conditions in practice, by the use of mathematical models. This document can also be used for the testing of formaldehyde emissions of products other than wood-based panels.

prEN IEC 60335-2-11:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-21
Buitiniai ir panašios paskirties elektriniai prietaisai. Sauga. 2-11 dalis. Ypatingieji reikalavimai, keliami būgniniams skalbinių džiovintuvams

This European Standard deals with the safety of electric tumble dryers intended for household and similar purposes. The rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other appliances.

prEN IEC 60335-2-66:2025/prAA:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-28
Buitiniai ir panašios paskirties elektriniai prietaisai. Sauga. 2-66 dalis. Ypatingieji reikalavimai, keliami vandens čiužinių šildytuvams

This European Standard deals with the safety of electric water-bed heaters and their associated control units, for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V, including direct current (DC) supplied appliances.

prEN IEC 63203-401-1:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-06
Dėvimieji elektroniniai įtaisai ir technologijos. 401-1 dalis. Įtaisai ir sistemos. Funkciniai elementai. Tampriojo varžinio įtempio jutiklio įvertinimo metodas
prEN 13651 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-12
Dirvožemio gerinimo medžiagos ir auginimo terpės. Kalcio chloride/DTPA (CAT) tirpių maisto medžiagų ekstrahavimas

This European Standard specifies an extraction method for the routine determination of calcium chloride/DTPA (CAT-method) extractable nutrients and elements (as listed in annex B) in soil improvers or growing media. The method is not applicable to liming materials and preformed materials such as mineral wool slabs and foam slabs. NOTE The requirements of the standard may differ from the national legal requirements for the declaration of the products concerned.

ISO/DIS 11452-11 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-03-08
Kelių transporto priemonės. Komponentų bandymo metodai, skirti siauros dažnių juostos elektromagnetinės energijos spinduliuotės keliamiems elektriniams trikdžiams. 11 dalis. Aidėjimo kamera
prEN 15383 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-17
Nuotakyno plastikinių vamzdžių sistemos. Termoreaktyvieji stiklo plastikai poliesterinių dervų pagrindu. Šuliniai ir apžiūros šulinėliai

This document applies to: a) manholes, when made from glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on polyester resin (UP); b) inspection chambers, when made from glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) based on polyester resin (UP) which are intended to be used with inverts which are at a depth not exceeding 2 m. These products are intended to be used within a drain or sewer system operating without pressure or occasionally at a head of pressure up to 1 bar. It applies to products, and their joints, intended for use in buried installations and to be installed by open-trench techniques. The units have a circular shape with nominal sizes as specified in EN ISO 23856. The intended use of these products is to provide access to, buried drain or sewer systems for the conveyance of waste water at temperatures up to 50 °C, without pressure or occasionally at a head of pressure up to 1 bar, outside buildings and installed in areas subjected to vehicle and/or pedestrian traffic. It specifies definitions including symbols, requirements and characteristics of manholes, inspection chambers, joints, materials, test methods and marking. NOTE It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.

prEN 1651 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-20
Skraidymo parasparniais įranga. Pakabinimo sistemos. Saugos reikalavimai ir stiprumo bandymai

This document is applicable only to harnesses for paragliders. The intermediate attachment system between the harness and the paraglider / the emergency parachute does not form part of this document. This document specifies safety requirements and test methods.

prEN IEC 62351-14:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-11
Elektros sistemų valdymas ir susijusios informacijos mainai. Duomenų ir ryšių saugumas. 14 dalis. Kibernetinio saugumo įvykių registravimas
prEN 18259 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-12
Dirvožemio gerinimo medžiagos ir auginimo terpės. Karališkajame vandenyje tirpių elementų nustatymas

This document specifies a method for the determination of elements in soil improvers or growing media extracts using inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES) NOTE 1 Alternatively, other suitable analytical techniques, e.g. inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) or atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), can be used for the measurement if the user proves that the method gives the same results. This method is applicable to aqua regia extracts prepared according to EN 13650:— 1. NOTE 2 The method may be used for the determination of other elements, provided the user has verified the applicability.

prEN ISO/IEC 42001 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-25
Informacinės technologijos. Dirbtinis intelektas. Vadybos sistema (ISO/IEC 42001:2023)

This document specifies the requirements and provides guidance for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an AI management system within the context of an organization. This document is intended for use by an organization providing or using products or services that utilize AI systems. This document helps the organization develop or use AI systems responsibly in pursuing its objectives and meet applicable regulatory requirements, obligations related to interested parties and expectations from them. This document is applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type and nature, that provides or uses products or services that utilize AI systems.

prEN 12896-5 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-01
Viešasis transportas. Pamatinių duomenų modelis. 5 dalis. Mokėjimo už važiavimą valdymas

1.1 General Scope of the Standard The main objective of the present standard is to present the Reference Data Model for Public Transport, based on: - the Reference Data Model, EN 12896, known as Transmodel V5.1; - EN 28701:2012, Intelligent transport systems - Public transport - Identification of Fixed Objects in Public Transport (IFOPT), although note that this particular standard has been withdrawn as it is now included within Parts 1 and 2 of this standard (EN 12896-1:2016 and EN 12896-2:2016) following their successful publication. incorporating the requirements of: - EN 15531-1 to -3 and CEN/TS 15531-4 and -5: Public transport - Service interface for real-time information relating to public transport operations (SIRI); - CEN/TS 16614-1 and -2: Public transport - Network and Timetable Exchange (NeTEx), in particular the specific needs for long distance train operation. Particular attention is drawn to the data model structure and methodology: - the data model is described in a modular form in order to facilitate the understanding and the use of the model; - the data model is entirely described in UML. The following functional domains are considered: - Network Description: routes, lines, journey patterns, timing patterns, service patterns, scheduled stop points and stop places; - Timing Information and Vehicle Scheduling (runtimes, vehicle journeys, day type-related vehicle schedules); - Passenger Information (planned and real-time); - Fare Management (fare structure, sales, validation, control); - Operations Monitoring and Control: operating day-related data, vehicle follow-up, control actions; - Driver Management: - Driver Scheduling (day-type related driver schedules), - Rostering (ordering of driver duties into sequences according to some chosen methods), - Driving Personnel Disposition (assignment of logical drivers to physical drivers and recording of driver performance); - Management Information and Statistics (including data dedicated to service performance indicators). The data modules dedicated to cover most functions of the above domains will be specified. Several concepts are shared by the different functional domains. This data domain is called "Common Concepts". 1.2 Functional Domain Description The different functional domains (enumerated above) taken into account in the present standard, and of which the data have been represented as the reference model, are described in EN 12896-1:2016, Public transport - Reference data model - Part 1: Common concepts. 1.3 Particular Scope of this Document The present document entitled Public transport - Reference data model - Part 5: Fare Management addresses Fare Information for Public Transport and incorporates the following data packages: - Fare Structure; - Access Right Assignment; - Fare Pricing; - Sales Description; - Sales Transaction; - Fare Roles; - Validation and Control; - Explicit Frames for Fares. This document itself is composed of the following parts: - Main document (normative) representing the data model for the concepts shared by the different fare domains covered by Transmodel, - Annex A (normative), containing the data dictionary, i.e. the list of all the concepts and attribute tables present in the main document together with the definitions, - Annex B (normative), providing a complement to the "Common Concepts" domain, particularly useful for parts 4 to 8 of the Public Transport Reference Data Model, Annex C (informative), indicating the data model evolutions from previous versions of Transmodel (EN 12896:2006).

prEN ISO 15156-1 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-19
Naftos ir dujų pramonė, įskaitant mažesnio anglies dioksido pėdsako energijos gamybą. Medžiagos, naudojamos vandenilio sulfido (H2S) turinčiose aplinkose išgaunant naftą ir dujas. 1 dalis. Medžiagoms ir jų apdorojimui keliami reikalavimai (ISO/DIS 15156-1:2025)

This document describes general principles and gives requirements and recommendations for the selection and qualification of metallic materials for service in equipment used in oil and gas production and in natural-gas sweetening plants in H2S-containing environments, where the failure of such equipment can pose a risk to the health and safety of the public and personnel or to the environment. It can be applied to help to avoid costly corrosion damage to the equipment itself. It supplements, but does not replace, the materials requirements given in the appropriate design codes, standards, or regulations. This document addresses all mechanisms of cracking that can be caused by H2S, including sulfide stress cracking, stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen-induced cracking and stepwise cracking, stress-oriented hydrogen-induced cracking, soft zone cracking, and galvanically induced hydrogen stress cracking. Table 1 provides a non-exhaustive list of equipment to which this document is applicable, including exclusions. This document applies to the qualification and selection of materials for equipment designed and constructed using load controlled design methods. For design utilizing strain-based design methods, see Clause 5. This document is not necessarily applicable to equipment used in refining or downstream processes and equipment.

prEN 17151-1 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-24
Plastikinių vamzdžių sistemos, skirtos paviršinio vandens beslėgiam požeminiam perdavimui ir laikymui. 1 dalis. Bandymo metodas talpyklų atsparumui ilgalaikiam gniuždymui nustatyti

This document specifies a test method for determining the long-term compression strength for a specified period on boxes made of thermoplastics materials for non-pressure underground conveyance and storage of non-potable water. The document is applicable for boxes which maintain their linear behaviour over the specified period.

prEN ISO 24018 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-25
Juvelyriniai dirbiniai ir brangieji metalai. 1 kg aukso luitų specifikacija (ISO 24018:2020)

This document specifies the requirements, test methods, inspection, marking, packaging, transportation, storage, quality certificate and the order (or contract) information of one kilogram gold bars. This document is applicable to one-kilogram cast gold bars produced for investment markets or industrial (jewellery, electronic) markets.

prEN 12896-1 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-01
Viešasis transportas. Pamatinių duomenų modelis. 1 dalis. Bendrosios sąvokos

1.1 General scope of the Standard The main objective of this European Standard is to present the Public Transport Reference Data Model based on: - the Public Transport Reference Data Model published 2006 as EN12896 and known as Transmodel V5.1, - the model for the Identification of Fixed Objects for Public transport, published 2009 as EN 28701and known as IFOPT, incorporating the requirements of - EN15531-1 to 3 and TS15531-4 and 5: Service interface for real-time information relating to public transport operations (SIRI), - TS16614-1 and 2: Network and Timetable Exchange (NeTEx), in particular the specific needs for long distance train operation. Particular attention is drawn to the data model structure and methodology: - the data model is described in a modular form in order to facilitate understanding and use of the model, - the data model is entirely described in UML. In particular, a Reference Data Model kernel is described, referring to the data domain: - Network Description: routes, lines, journey patterns, timing patterns, service patterns, scheduled stop points and stop places. This part corresponds to the network description as in Transmodel V5.1 extended by the relevant parts of IFOPT. Furthermore, the following functional domains are considered: - Timing Information and Vehicle Scheduling (runtimes, vehicle journeys, day type-related vehicle schedules) - Passenger Information (planned and real-time) - Operations Monitoring and Control: operating day-related data, vehicle follow-up , control actions - Fare Management (fare structure and access rights definition, sales, validation, control) - Management Information and Statistics (including data dedicated to service performance indicators). - Driver Management: - Driver Scheduling (day-type related driver schedules), - Rostering (ordering of driver duties into sequences according to some chosen methods), - Driving Personnel Disposition (assignment of logical drivers to physical drivers and recording of driver performance). The data modules dedicated to cover most functions of the above domains will be specified. Several concepts are shared by the different functional domains. This data domain is called “Common Concepts”. 1.2 Functional domain description 1.2.1 Public transport network and stop description The reference data model includes entity definitions for different types of points and links as the building elements of the topological network. Stop points, timing points and route points, for instance, reflect the different roles one point may have in the network definition: whether it is used for the definition of (topological or geographical) routes, as a point served by vehicles when operating on a line, or as a location against which timing information like departure, passing, or wait times are stored in order to construct the timetables. The line network is the fundamental infrastructure for the service offer, to be provided in the form of vehicle journeys which passengers may use for their trips. The main entities describing the line network in the reference data model are the line, the route and the journey pattern, which refer to the concepts of an identified service offer to the public, the possible variants of itineraries vehicles would follow when serving the line, and the (possibly different) successions of stop points served by the vehicles when operating on the route. The functional views of the network are described as layers. A projection is a mechanism enabling the description of the correspondence between the different layers. This mapping between the layers is particularly useful when spatial data from different environments (sources, functional domains) have to be combined. An example of such a situation is the mapping of the public transport network on the road network. (...)

prEN IEC 60865-1:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-25
Trumpojo jungimo srovės. Efektų skaičiavimas. 1 dalis. Apibrėžtys ir skaičiavimo metodai
prEN IEC 61375-2-3:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-26
Elektroninė geležinkelio įranga. Traukinio ryšio tinklas (TCN). 2-3 dalis. TCN ryšio profilis
prEN 302 194-1 V2.0.0 (2025-11) Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-01
Navigaciniai radarai, naudojami vidaus vandenų keliuose. Prieigos prie radijo ryšio spektro darnusis standartas. 1 dalis. Magnetroniniai radarai
prEN IEC 62745:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-04
Mašinų sauga. Belaidžių mašinų valdymo sistemų reikalavimai
prEN ISO 5667-1 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-02-24
Vandens kokybė. Mėginių ėmimas. 1 dalis. Nurodymai dėl mėginių ėmimo programų sudarymo ir mėginių ėmimo būdų (ISO/DIS 5667-1:2025)

This document sets out the general principles for, and provides guidance on, the design of sampling programmes and sampling techniques for all aspects of sampling of water (including waste waters, sludges, effluents, suspended solids and sediments). This document does not include detailed instructions for specific sampling instructions, which are covered in various other parts of the ISO 5667 series and in ISO 19458 [1].

prEN ISO 21285 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-03-03
Dirvožemio kokybė. Dirvožemio teršalų sukeltas dirvožemio erkių (Hypoaspis (Gaeolaelaps) aculeifer) dauginimosi slopinimas (ISO/DIS 21285:2025)

This document specifies a chronic test method for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Hypoaspis aculeifer by ? mainly ? alimentary uptake. This method is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, industrial, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials (e.g. dredged material, municipal sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, composed material, or manure, especially those for possible land disposal). The reproduction (= number of juveniles) is the measured parameter of the test. The test reflects the bioavailability of a mixture of contaminants in natural soils (contaminated site soils) to a species which represents a trophic level which is not covered by other ISO standards. This test is not intended to replace the earthworm (see ISO 11268-2) or Collembola (see ISO 11267) reproduction tests since this species belongs not only to a different trophic group but also a different taxonomic group (= mites; i.e. arachnids) than those used usually. Effects of substances are assessed using a standard soil, preferably a defined artificial soil substrate. For contaminated soils, the effects are determined in the soil to be tested and in a control soil. Depending on the objective of the study, the control and dilution substrate (dilution series of contaminated soil) are either an uncontaminated soil comparable to the soil to be tested (reference soil) or a standard soil (e.g. artificial soil). This document provides information on how to use this method for testing samples (soils or substances) under temperate conditions. This document is not applicable to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa at 25 °C. NOTE The stability of the test substance cannot be ensured over the test period. No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.

prEN IEC 61300-3-48:2025 Viešoji apklausa
Komentavimo iki data 2026-01-30
Skaiduliniai optiniai sujungimo įtaisai ir pasyvieji komponentai. Pagrindinės bandymo ir matavimo procedūros. 3-48 dalis. Matavimas. Daugiaskaidulių jungčių stačiakampių antgalių jungiamosios movos spyruoklės gniuždymo jėga
Viso rasta įrašų: 222
arrow-prev 1 3 4 5 6 7 9 arrow-next

Greitieji filtrai

ICS
Su maisto produktais susiliečiančios medžiagos ir gaminiai (1) Adityvioji gamyba (1) Aliuminio gaminiai (1) Apsauga nuo gaisro (2) Atpažinimo kortelės. Lustinės kortelės. Biometrija (1) Aukštosios įtampos perjungimo ir valdymo įrenginiai (1) Baldai (2) Betonas ir betono gaminiai (1) Biologija. Botanika. Zoologija (2) Biologinės dirvožemio savybės (1) Biologiniai produktai (1) Biologinis medicinos priemonių įvertinimas (1) Buitinė sauga (6) Cheminė analizė (1) Cheminės dirvožemio charakteristikos (1) Debesijos kompiuterija (2) Degalų tiekimo sistemos (1) Dezinfekantai ir antiseptikai (1) Diagnostikos įranga (1) Dujų ir garo turbinos. Garo mašinos (1) Dujų slėginiai indai ir balionai (1) Durys ir langai (1) Elektrinė ir elektroninė įranga (1) Elektrinės kelių transporto priemonės (1) Elektriniai aparatai, naudojami sprogiosiose atmosferose (1) Elektriniai įrankiai (2) Elektriniai šildytuvai (2) Elektroakustika (1) Elektroniniai komponentai. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Elektros izoliacinės medžiagos. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Elektros perdavimo ir skirstomosios linijos (2) Elektrotechnika. Bendrieji dalykai (3) Emaliai (2) Fizikinių vandens savybių tyrimas (1) Geležinkelių inžinerija (Žodynai) (1) Geležinkelių riedmenys. Bendrieji dalykai (2) Geometrinė gaminio specifikacija (GGS) (1) Geriamasis vanduo (1) Grindų dangos (2) Įmonės veiklos organizavimas ir vadyba. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Informacinės technologijos (Žodynai) (1) Informacinių technologijų taikymas. Bendrieji dalykai (1) IT saugumas (11) IT sveikatos priežiūros technologijų srityje (1) IT transporte (11) Įvairi buitinė ir komercinė įranga (3) Izoliacinės sistemos (1) Jungikliai (2) Juslinė analizė (2) Juvelyriniai dirbiniai (6) Kabamųjų kelių įranga (1) Kiti pastatai (1) Kiti puslaidininkiniai įtaisai (1) Kiti su dirvožemio kokybe susiję standartai (1) Kitos paslaugos (1) Klimatiniai bandymai (1) Kranai (1) Kriogeniniai indai (2) Lauko ir vandens sporto įranga (2) Lempos. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Lygintuvai. Keitikliai. Stabilizuotieji maitinimo šaltiniai (2) Mašinų sauga (1) Mažieji laivai (1) Mažieji virtuvės prietaisai (2) Mechaniniai metalų bandymai (3) Medicinos įranga. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Mediena, pjautiniai rąstai ir pjautinė mediena (1) Medienos plokštės. Bendrieji dalykai (2) Modernioji keramika (2) Naftos ir gamtinių dujų pramonės įranga. Bendrieji dalykai (3) Naftos produktų ir gamtinių dujų transportavimo įranga (1) Neardomieji metalų bandymai (1) Nuotakynai (1) Nuotolinis valdymas. Nuotolinis matavimas (1) Orlaivių ir erdvėlaivių elektros įranga ir sistemos (5) Pastato akustika. Garso izoliacija (1) Pastotės. Viršįtampio iškrovikliai (1) Pastovieji rezistoriai (1) Paviršiaus apdorojimas (1) Paviršiaus paruošimas (2) Pavojaus signalizavimo ir įspėjimo sistemos (1) Pienas ir pieno gaminiai. Bendrieji dalykai (2) Pjezoelektriniai įtaisai (1) Plastikiniai vamzdynai (1) Poveržlės ir kitokie fiksavimo elementai (1) Pramonėje naudojamos dujos (1) Programinė įranga (1) Radiografijos įranga (1) Relės (1) Saugikliai ir kitokie apsaugos nuo viršsrovio įtaisai (1) Saulės energetika (2) Šiluminė pastatų izoliacija (1) Skaidulinės optinio ryšio sistemos. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Skaiduliniai optiniai sujungimo įtaisai (2) Spausdintiniai grandynai ir plokštės (1) Spinduliavimas (1) Spinduliuotės matavimas (1) Statybinių medžiagų ir elementų atsparumas ugniai (1) Švirkštai, adatos ir kateteriai (4) Telekomunikacijos. Garso ir vaizdo inžinerija (10) Temperatūros matavimo priemonės (1) Trąšos (6) Uždarymo ir reguliavimo įtaisai. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Vadybos sistemos (4) Valdymas ir etika (1) Vamzdynai ir jų dalys, skirti centralizuotam šilumos tiekimui (1) Vamzdynai ir jų dalys, skirti išoriniams nuotakynams (2) Vamzdynai ir jų komponentai. Bendrieji dalykai (6) Vandens mikrobiologija (1) Vandens tyrimas. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Varpinių ir ankštinių javų grūdai bei jų gaminiai (1) Vėdintuvai, ventiliatoriai ir oro kondicionieriai (1) Vėjo turbinų energijos sistemos (1) Viryklės, krosnelės ir panašūs prietaisai (2) Visuomeniniai pastatai (1) Žemės ūkio mašinos ir įranga. Bendrieji dalykai (1) Žemės ūkis (Žodynai) (1) Žemosios įtampos perjungimo ir valdymo įrenginiai (1)